Kinematics 2-D(Projectile motion)
Projectile motion is the motion of an object that is launched into the air and then moves under the influence of gravity. Examples include a thrown ball, a kicked soccer ball, or a basketball travelling toward a hoop.
Projectile motion consists of two independent types of motion: horizontal motion and vertical motion. The horizontal velocity, vx, remains constant because there is no horizontal acceleration when air resistance is ignored. The vertical velocity, vy, changes continuously because gravity produces a constant downward acceleration of 9.8 m/s².
When a projectile is launched at an angle θ, its initial velocity can be divided into horizontal and vertical components. The horizontal component moves the projectile forward, while the vertical component causes it to rise and then fall.
As the projectile rises, its vertical velocity decreases because gravity acts downward. At the maximum height, the vertical velocity becomes zero, vy = 0. However, the horizontal velocity is still present, so the projectile continues moving forward.
After reaching the maximum height, the projectile begins to fall. Its vertical velocity increases in the downward direction due to gravity, while its horizontal velocity remains constant.
The combination of constant horizontal motion and accelerated vertical motion creates a curved path called a parabola. The resultant velocity vector, v, is always tangent to the projectile's trajectory at every point.
If the projectile lands at the same height from which it was launched and air resistance is ignored, the upward and downward parts of its motion are symmetrical.
